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搞市场经济的美国在大萧条时，实行罗斯福新政，放弃一部分自由市场，加入国家干预与宏观调控。
而旨在共产主义目标的苏联，列宁为了挽救民生，实行新经济政策，引入市场，放弃一部分配给制。
两者都有一个“新”，新政、新经济。所谓新，即放弃桎梏，实用主义至上，到了中国，表现形式为白猫黑猫论。