Hard core analysis: the "smart" Architecture of the next generation blockchain

Author: HAOTIAN-CRYPTOINSIGHT, Source: Haotian-CryptoInsight's Substack

On the surface, "Intent-centric" only pays attention to the result and does not care about the process. In fact, the process is hidden in the "black box" by higher technology. Today, I will take a distributed Intent Architecture as an example. I will dismantle it hard for you. The content of WorkFlow in this black box will be very dry. It is recommended to like it first and then read it.

This is likely to represent the "smart" architecture of the next generation of blockchains.

There were also black boxes in the early days of Internet development. For example, few people understood the communication principles of Internet technology protocols such as HTTP, TCP/IP, CDN, and IPV6, but everyone was swimming in the upper-layer applications. In the web3 era, it is also necessary to go through a process of hiding the back-end protocol, which is exactly what Intent-centric is doing. Only in this way can the threshold for using web3 be truly lowered, and web3 applications may fly into the homes of ordinary people.

**So, how to disassemble this "black box"? **

First of all, if the black box is provided by a centralized platform, it is not within the scope of this article, because a centralized server can theoretically preset various complex background parameters and instructions, such as the popular social platform Bot program, and Friend.tech is an app experience premised on hosting. But this is very unparadigm. I want to take you to find out how to organize and operate the decentralized intent market in the future.

**A core point is how to convert the complex abstract requirements of users into instructions that can be visualized by the program, and can also automate low-fault-tolerant execution. **

**Example:**Xiao Wang placed an order on UniswapX. The intent required price limit orders, free gas fees, anti-MEV, routes with the lowest slippage, zk-SNARKization to protect privacy, etc. After the request was issued A bunch of Makers (professional institutions, market makers) in the "black box" began to build a strategy solver to execute Xiao Wang's order. Finally, after a round of Aution competition, Company A obtained the execution right, and finally ute completed the order. The platform settles the handling fee paid by Xiao Wang to Company A, and at the same time gives a certain platform reward.

After receiving Xiao Wang’s intent, the black box will classify it. For example, limit order = a conditional transaction, and the contract is automatically triggered if the condition is met; anti-MEV = off-line expansion router, using layer2 channel; privacy protection = core The data needs to execute the ZK-SNARKs verification channel; these intents may be allocated to Layer1 and layer2, or various modular technologies may be enabled for processing at the same time, and finally gathered to the user client to complete the final output outcome.

**A basic decentralized intent architecture includes, user User——solver Solver—executor utor—result outcome. **

1. It can be modularly nested into the existing EVM smart contract framework, which requires the intent to be programmed to be invoked smoothly by smart contracts or proxy contracts, or off-line expansion methods and various DeFi protocols on the chain .

2. Running independently in a new public chain architecture, in addition to Solver and Excutor, it also needs to have corresponding roles such as Proposer and Validator to realize the decentralized operation of the chain.

Solver is a solver, which is responsible for programming abstract intents. For example: User A has three intents when sending a transaction, transparent intent + security intent + privacy intent. Simple transactions are directly processed by layer1, while complex transactions will come to layer2 Solver. Solver passes two intentions through a zero-knowledge proof technology provided by ZK Proof, and a random encryption algorithm ciphertext provided by ciphertext. Finally, the processed txs will be sent to Mempool, waiting to be packaged and uploaded to the chain;

utor is the executor, who is responsible for changing the txs sent by the Solver to the final execution state + completing the verification. It can be understood as the miner who finally successfully realized the user intent, and is responsible for verifying that there will be no errors during the execution of the intent , to complete the final on-chain bookkeeping behavior; more generally understood, Solver is equivalent to Searcher on Ethereum, responsible for collecting and sorting transactions, and utor is equivalent to builder on Ethereum, responsible for final packaging and block generation.

Of course, it also has the roles of Node, Relay, and Validator, which are no different from the existing public chains, so I won’t explain too much. Both Solver and utor can be participated by Permissionless organizations and institutions in the form of Auction to ensure the transparency and decentralization of the system.

The approximate Workflow is (as shown below):

User submits intent data - Gossip Node receives and broadcasts data:

①Simple transactions go directly to L1 --> Generate Recepit through layer1's Proposer, Validator, utor, etc.

②Complicated transactions will be assigned to L2—>Solver is responsible for modular integration of zk, cipheretext and other technical programming data—>Proposer arranges and sorts the data to package—>Validator verifies the validity of the data—>utor completes the block record Account --> Return to user Recepit.

The user client will gather Recepit and finally complete Verify.

After reading it, do you feel that this is a completely new set of blockchain architecture Architecture? Well, that's right. A highly modular new public chain structure that integrates various existing technologies.

From scriptable in the Bitcoin era to Programmable in the Ethereum era, to Programable ++ in the intent era. The next-generation blockchain "smart" architecture will ideally make full use of various cutting-edge technologies to execute transactions (including AI), and users can also pass in more complex requirements through the intent layer, and the entire execution process is highly automated and Modular. Only when the blockchain is easier to use and "smart", can Mass Adoption be finally realized.